Tourbillon
It was developed around 1795 and patented
by the French-Swiss watchmaker Abraham-Louis Breguet on June 26, 1801. In a
tourbillon the escapement and balance wheel are mounted in a rotating cage, in
order to negate the effects of gravity when the timepiece (thus the escapement)
is stuck in a certain position.
In a tourbillon, the whole assembly
is constantly moving in one revolution a minute. That means no matter what
position the watch is in, those timing variations gain on one side or loss on
the other side are essentially canceled out.
Below sketch clearly illustrated the
difference between normal watch and a tourbillon.
HK Snob
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